[Mb-civic] How to End Poverty---shattering the myths

[ean at sbcglobal.net]

The following article, by the brilliant Indian woman scientist and activist 
Vandana Shiva, needs to be read carefully (maybe twice) to help us 
understand the simple and horrible truths behind they twisted myth of the 
benefits of corproate globalization, the "free market" and "free trade."  We 
need to understand the reality behind these myths to survive. --mha atma

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Today's commentary:
http://www.zmag.org/sustainers/content/2005-05/11shiva.cfm

==================================

ZNet Commentary
How To End Poverty: Making Poverty History And The 
History Of Poverty 
May 15, 2005 By Vandana Shiva 

The cover story of the Time Magazine of March 14, 2005 was dedicated to
the theme, "How to End Poverty". It was based on an essay by Jeffrey Sacks
"The End of Poverty", from his book with the same title. The photos
accompanying the essay are homeless children, scavengers in garbage dumps,
heroin addicts. These are images of disposable people, people whose lives,
resources, livelihoods have been snatched from them by a brutal, unjust,
excluding process which generates poverty for the majority and prosperity
for a few.

Garbage is the waste of a throwaway society - ecological societies have
never had garbage. Homeless children are the consequences of
impoverishment of communities and families who have lost their resources
and livelihoods. These are images of the perversion and externalities of a
non-sustainable, unjust, inequitable economic growth model. 

In "Staying Alive, I had referred to book entitled "Poverty: the Wealth of
the People" in which an African writer draws a distinction between poverty
as subsistence, and misery as deprivation. It is useful to separate a
cultural conception of simple, sustainable living as poverty from the
material experience of poverty that is a result of dispossession and
deprivation. 

Culturally perceived poverty need not be real material poverty: sustenance
economies, which satisfy basic needs through self-provisioning, are not
poor in the sense of being deprived. Yet the ideology of development
declares them so because they do not participate overwhelmingly in the
market economy, and do not consume commodities produced for and
distributed through the market even though they might be satisfying those
needs through self-provisioning mechanisms. 

People are perceived as poor if they eat millets (grown by women) rather
than commercially produced and distributed processed junk foods sold by
global agri-business. They are seen as poor if they live in self-built
housing made form ecologically adapted natural material like bamboo and
mud rather than in cement houses. They are seen as poor if they wear
handmade garments of natural fibre rather than synthetics. 

Sustenance, as culturally perceived poverty, does not necessarily imply a
low physical quality of life. On the contrary, because sustenance
economies contribute to the growth of nature's economy and the social
economy, they ensure a high quality of life measure in terms of right to
food and water, sustainability of livelihoods, and robust social and
cultural identity and meaning. 

On the other hand, the poverty of the 1 billion hungry and the 1 billion
malnutritioned people who are victims of obesity suffer from both cultural
and material poverty. A system that creates denial and disease, while
accumulating trillions of dollars of super profits for agribusiness, is a
system for creating poverty for people. Poverty is a final state, not an
initial state of an economic paradigm, which destroys ecological and
social systems for maintaining life, health and sustenance of the planet
and people. 

And economic poverty is only one form of poverty. Cultural poverty, social
poverty, ethical poverty, ecological poverty, spiritual poverty are other
forms of poverty more prevalent in the so called rich North than in the so
called poor South. And those other poverties cannot be overcome by
dollars. They need compassion and justice, caring and sharing.

Ending poverty requires knowing how poverty is created. However, Jeffrey
Sachs views poverty as the original sin. As he declares:

A few generations ago, almost everybody was poor. The Industrial
Revolution led to new riches, but much of the world was left far behind.

This is totally false history of poverty, and cannot be the basis of
making poverty history. Jeffrey Sachs has got it wrong. The poor are not
those who were left behind, they are the ones who were pushed out and
excluded from access to their own wealth and resources.

The "poor are not poor because they are lazy or their governments are
corrupt". They are poor because their wealth has been appropriated and
wealth creating capacity destroyed. The riches accumulated by Europe were
based on riches appropriated from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Without
the destruction of India's rich textile industry, without the take over of
the spice trade, without the genocide of the native American tribes,
without the Africa's slavery, the industrial revolution would not have led
to new riches for Europe or the U.S. It was the violent take over of Third
World resources and Third World markets that created wealth in the North -
but it simultaneously created poverty in the South.

Two economic myths facilitate a separation between two intimately linked
processes: the growth of affluence and the growth of poverty. Firstly,
growth is viewed only as growth of capital. What goes unperceived is the
destruction in nature and in people's sustenance economy that this growth
creates. The two simultaneously created 'externalities' of growth -
environmental destruction and poverty creation - are then casually linked,
not to the processes of growth, but to each other. Poverty, it is stated,
causes environmental destruction. The disease is then offered as a cure:
growth will solve the problems of poverty and environmental crisis it has
given rise to in the first place. This is the message of Jeffrey Sachs
analysis. 

The second myth that separates affluence from poverty, is the assumption
that if you produce what you consume, you do not produce. This is the
basis on which the production boundary is drawn for national accounting
that measures economic growth. Both myths contribute to the mystification
of growth and consumerism, but they also hide the real processes that
create poverty. 

First, the market economy dominated by capital is not the only economy,
development has, however, been based on the growth of the market economy.
The invisible costs of development have been the destruction of two other
economies: nature's processes and people's survival. The ignorance or
neglect of these two vital economies is the reason why development has
posed a threat of ecological destruction and a threat to human survival,
both of which, however, have remained 'hidden negative externalities' of
the development process. 

Instead of being seen as results of exclusion, they are presented as
"those left behind". Instead of being viewed as those who suffer the worst
burden of unjust growth in the form of poverty, they are false presented
as those not touched by growth. This false separation of processes that
create affluence from those that create poverty is at the core of Jeffrey
Sachs analysis. His recipes will therefore aggravated and deepen poverty
instead of ending it. 

Trade and exchange of goods and services have always existed in human
societies, but these were subjected to nature's and people's economies.
The elevation of the domain of the market and man-made capital to the
position of the highest organizing principle for societies has led to the
neglect and destruction of the other two organizing principles - ecology
and survival - which maintain and sustain life in nature and society.

Modern economies and concepts of development cover only a negligible part
of the history of human interaction with nature. For centuries, principles
of sustenance have given human societies the material basis of survival by
deriving livelihoods directly from nature through self-provisioning
mechanisms. Limits in nature have been respected and have guided the
limits of human consumption. In most countries of the South large numbers
of people continue to derive their sustenance in the survival economy
which remains invisible to market-oriented development. 

All people in all societies depend on nature's economy for survival. When
the organizing principle for society's relationship with nature is
sustenance, nature exists as a commons. . It becomes a resource when profits 
and accumulation become the organizing principles and create an imperative 
for the exploitation of resources for the  market. 

Without clean water, fertile soils and crop and plant genetic diversity,
human survival is not possible. These commons have been destroyed by
economic development, resulting in the creation of a new contradiction
between the economy of natural processes and the survival economy, because
those people deprived of their traditional land and means of survival by
development are forced to survive on an increasingly eroded nature.  

People do not die for lack of incomes. They die for lack of access to
resources. Here too Jeffrey Sacks is wrong when he says, "In a world of
plenty, 1 billion people are so poor, their lives are in danger". The
indigenous people in the Amazon, the mountain communities in the Himalaya,
peasants whose land has not been appropriated and whose water and
biodiversity has not been destroyed by debt creating industrial
agriculture are ecologically rich, even though they do not earn a dollar a
day. 

On the other hand, even at five dollars a day, people are poor if they
have to buy their basic needs at high prices. Indian peasants who have
been made poor and pushed into debt over the past decade to create markets
for costly seeds and agrichemicals through economic globalisation are
ending their lives in thousands. 

When seeds are patented and peasants will pay $1 trillion in royalties,
they will be $1 trillion poorer. Patents on medicines increase costs of
AIDS drugs from $200 to $20,000, and Cancer drugs from $2,400 to $36,000
for a year's treatment. When water is privatized, and global corporations
make $1 trillion from commodification of water, the poor are poorer by $1
trillion. 

The movements against economic globalisation and maldevelopment are
movements to end poverty by ending the exclusions, injustices and
ecological non-sustainability that are the root causes of poverty.

The $50 billion of "aid" North to South is a tenth of $500 billion flow
South to North as interest payments and other unjust mechanisms in the
global economy imposed by World Bank, IMF. With privatization of essential
services and an unfair globalisation imposed through W.T.O, the poor are
being made poorer. 

Indian peasants are losing  $26 billion annually just in falling farm
prices because of dumping and trade liberalization. As a result of unfair,
unjust globalisation, which is leading to corporate takeover of food and
water. More than $5 trillion will be transferred from poor people to rich
countries just for food and water. The poor are financing the rich. If we
are serious about ending poverty, we have to be serious about ending the
unjust and violent systems for wealth creation which create poverty by
robbing the poor of their resources, livelihoods and incomes.

Jeffrey Sachs deliberately ignores this "taking", and only addresses
"giving", which is a mere 0.1% of the "taking" by the North. Ending
poverty is more a matter of taking less than giving an insignificant
amount more. Making poverty history needs getting the history of poverty
right And Sachs has got it completely wrong. 






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"In times of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act."
   ---   George Orwell


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